{"id":382,"date":"2022-09-04T16:22:04","date_gmt":"2022-09-04T16:22:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sotek.cl\/iminning\/?p=382"},"modified":"2022-09-04T16:22:47","modified_gmt":"2022-09-04T16:22:47","slug":"propiedades-del-hdpe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/iminning.cl\/en\/propiedades-del-hdpe\/","title":{"rendered":"PROPIEDADES DEL HDPE"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Estructura Qu\u00edmica:<\/h4>

El an\u00e1lisis del polietileno (C, 85.7%; H, 14.3%) corresponde a la f\u00f3rmula emp\u00edrica (CH2)n resultante de la polimerizaci\u00f3n por adici\u00f3n del etileno.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Cristalinidad:<\/h4>

Es cristalino en m\u00e1s de un 90%.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Temperatura de transici\u00f3n v\u00edtrea:<\/h4>

Tiene 2 valores, a -30\u00baC y a -80 \u00baC.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Punto de fusi\u00f3n:<\/h4>

135\u00baC Esto le hace resistente al agua en ebullici\u00f3n.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Rango de temperaturas de trabajo:<\/h4>

Desde -100\u00baC hasta +120\u00baC.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Propiedades \u00f3pticas:<\/h4>

Debido a su alta densidad es opaco.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Densidad:<\/h4>

Inferior a la del agua; valores entre 945 y 960 kg por m3.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Viscosidad:<\/h4>

Elevada. \u00cdndice de fluidez menor de 1g\/10min, a 190\u00baC y 16kg detenci\u00f3n.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Flexibilidad:<\/h4>

Comparativamente, es m\u00e1s flexible que el polipropileno.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Resistencia Qu\u00edmica:<\/h4>

Excelente frente a \u00e1cidos, bases y alcoholes.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Estabilidad T\u00e9rmica:<\/h4>

En ausencia completa de ox\u00edgeno, el polietileno es estable hasta 290 \u00baC. Entre 290 y 350 \u00baC, se descompone y da pol\u00edmeros de peso molecular m\u00e1s bajo, que son normalmente termopl\u00e1sticos o ceras, pero se produce poco etileno. A temperaturas superiores a 350 \u00baC, se producen productos gaseosos en cantidad creciente, siendo el producto principal el butileno.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Oxidaci\u00f3n del polietileno:<\/h4>

En presencia de ox\u00edgeno, el polietileno es mucho menos estable. Se produce oxidaci\u00f3n y degradaci\u00f3n de las mol\u00e9culas del pol\u00edmero a 50\u00baC, y en presencia de la luz se produce una degradaci\u00f3n incluso a las temperaturas ordinarias. La oxidaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica del polietileno es importante en el estado fundido, porque influye sobre el comportamiento en los procesos de tratamiento, y en el estado s\u00f3lido porque fija l\u00edmites a ciertos usos.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Efectos de la oxidaci\u00f3n:<\/h4>

Los principales son variaciones en el peso molecular\u00a0que se manifiestan primero por cambios en la viscosidad y, cuando son m\u00e1s intensos, por deterioro en la resistencia mec\u00e1nica, variaci\u00f3n en las propiedades el\u00e9ctricas, cambio de color. Una oxidaci\u00f3n intensa, especialmente a temperaturas elevadas, conduce a la degradaci\u00f3n de la cadena y a la p\u00e9rdida de productos vol\u00e1tiles y el producto se hace quebradizo y parecido a la cera. El proceso de la oxidaci\u00f3n es auto catal\u00edtico; aumenta la rapidez de la oxidaci\u00f3n a medida que aumenta la cantidad de ox\u00edgeno absorbido.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Protecci\u00f3n frente a la oxidaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica:<\/h4>

La oxidaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica del polietileno puede reducirse o suprimirse durante alg\u00fan tiempo incorpor\u00e1ndole antioxidantes; en general, \u00e9stos son los mismos tipos que se usan para el caucho, y muchos son fenoles o aminas. Al elegir el antioxidante, se prestar\u00e1 atenci\u00f3n a puntos como la ausencia de color y olor\u00a0y a la baja volatilidad para evitar p\u00e9rdidas\u00a0durante el tratamiento a temperaturas altas.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Oxidaci\u00f3n catalizada por la luz solar:<\/h4>

Se tiene tambi\u00e9n aqu\u00ed una reacci\u00f3n auto catal\u00edtica, como en el caso de la oxidaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica. La foto oxidaci\u00f3n produce coloraci\u00f3n, deterioro en las propiedades f\u00edsicas y p\u00e9rdida de resistencia mec\u00e1nica, que conduce al agrietamiento y ruptura de las muestras sometidas a tensi\u00f3n. Es un problema m\u00e1s grave que la oxidaci\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica, ya que la protecci\u00f3n no se consigue con tanta facilidad. Los antioxidantes normales son de poca utilidad y la protecci\u00f3n m\u00e1s satisfactoria se obtiene incorporando aproximadamente 2% denegro de humo, bien dispersado en el pol\u00edmero. Conviene insistir en que el polietileno no protegido no sirve para usos en los cuales estar\u00e1 expuesto a la luz solar.<\/p><\/div><\/div>

Propiedades El\u00e9ctricas:<\/h4>

Como pod\u00eda esperarse de su composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica, el polietileno tiene una conductividad el\u00e9ctrica peque\u00f1a, baja permisividad, un factor\u00a0de potencia bajo (9,15) y una resistencia diel\u00e9ctrica elevada. Existen en el mercado grados especiales con distribuci\u00f3n de pesos moleculares m\u00e1s estrecha, que responden fuertemente al estirado y orientaci\u00f3n y con los que se alcanzan altas tenacidades.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Estructura Qu\u00edmica: El an\u00e1lisis del polietileno (C, 85.7%; H, 14.3%) corresponde a la f\u00f3rmula emp\u00edrica (CH2)n resultante de la polimerizaci\u00f3n por adici\u00f3n del etileno. Cristalinidad: Es cristalino en m\u00e1s de un 90%. Temperatura de transici\u00f3n v\u00edtrea: Tiene 2 valores, a -30\u00baC y a -80 \u00baC. Punto de fusi\u00f3n: 135\u00baC Esto le hace resistente al agua …<\/p>\n

PROPIEDADES DEL HDPE<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-382","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nPROPIEDADES DEL HDPE - Tuber\u00eda HDPE Corrugado y Liso<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/iminning.cl\/en\/propiedades-del-hdpe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PROPIEDADES DEL HDPE - Tuber\u00eda HDPE Corrugado y Liso\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Estructura Qu\u00edmica: El an\u00e1lisis del polietileno (C, 85.7%; H, 14.3%) corresponde a la f\u00f3rmula emp\u00edrica (CH2)n resultante de la polimerizaci\u00f3n por adici\u00f3n del etileno. 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